Eutrophication
- Eutrophication is a process in which nutrients accumulate in water, causing an increase in microorganisms and depletion of oxygen.
- Anthropogenic eutrophication is caused by human activity, such as the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture.
- Natural eutrophication occurs through the accumulation of nutrients from sediment and dead plant matter.
- Eutrophication affects aquatic ecosystems, causing algal blooms, oxygen depletion, fish kills, and loss of biodiversity.
- Phosphorus is the main limiting factor for plant growth in freshwater ecosystems, while nitrogen is the primary limiting nutrient in marine ecosystems.
- Eutrophication has economic and health impacts, including increased water treatment costs, commercial fishing losses, and recreational fishing losses.
- Prevention and reversal of eutrophication involve minimizing point source pollution, reducing nonpoint source pollution, and introducing bacteria and algae-inhibiting organisms.
- Eutrophication is addressed through the United Nations framework for Sustainable Development Goals and policies and regulations.
- Nutrient bioextraction, such as shellfish cultivation, can be used to remove nutrients from water bodies and improve water quality.
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