Carbon dioxide
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a chemical compound with the formula CO2.
- CO2 is made up of molecules with one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms.
- CO2 is found in the gas state at room temperature and is the primary carbon source for life on Earth.
- In the air, CO2 is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas.
- CO2 is soluble in water and forms carbonate and bicarbonate in aqueous solutions.
- Burning fossil fuels is the primary cause of increased CO2 concentrations and climate change.
- Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use CO2 for photosynthesis and release oxygen as a waste product.
- CO2 is a versatile industrial material used in welding, fire extinguishers, and decaffeination.
- CO2 has a sharp, acidic odor and generates the taste of soda water in the mouth.
- Carbon dioxide is an end product of cellular respiration in organisms and is an important component of the carbon cycle.
- Plants and algae use CO2 to produce energy-rich organic molecules through photosynthesis.
- Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations can lead to increased growth and water-use efficiency in plants.
- CO2 is an asphyxiant gas, but is not classified as toxic or harmful.
- Carbon dioxide concentrations in fresh air vary between 0.036% and 0.041%, depending on location.
- CO2 can accumulate in sheltered locations, causing suffocation and killing animals.
- Humans and animals adapt to increased CO2 concentrations through modified breathing and kidney bicarbonate production.
- Poor ventilation in closed spaces can lead to excessive CO2 concentrations and poor indoor air quality.
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