Catharism
- Catharism was a Christian quasi-dualist or pseudo-Gnostic movement that thrived in Southern Europe between the 12th and 14th centuries.
- The Cathars believed in two Gods: the good God of Heaven and the evil god of this age.
- They believed that human souls were the sexless spirits of angels trapped in the material realm of the evil god.
- The Cathars taught that to regain angelic status one had to renounce the material self completely.
- They venerated Jesus Christ and followed what they considered to be his true teachings, but denied his physical incarnation and Resurrection.
- The Cathars ate a pescatarian diet and refused the sacraments of the eucharist and Baptism by water.
- The Cathars formed an anti-sacerdotal party in opposition to the pre-Reformation Catholic Church.
- The Cathars had but one central rite, the Consolamentum, which involved a brief spiritual ceremony to remove all sin from the believer.
- The Cathars appointed Jews as bailiffs and to other roles as public officials.
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